| Глава 5. Simple packaging | ||
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| Глава 5. Simple packaging | ||
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Содержание
There is an old Latin saying: «Longum iter est per praecepta, breve et efficax per exempla» («It’s a long way by the rules, but short and efficient with examples»).
Ниже приведён пример создания простого пакета Debian из простого исходного кода на языке C, использующего в качестве системы сборки Makefile.
Допустим, имя tar-архива из основной ветки разработки будет debhello-0.0.tar.gz.
Предполагается, что этот тип исходного кода будет установлен как несистемный файл:
Basics for the install from the upstream tarball.
$ tar -xzmf debhello-0.0.tar.gz $ cd debhello-0.0 $ make $ make install
Debian packaging requires changing this «make install» process to install files to the target system image location instead of the normal location under /usr/local.
![[Примечание]](images/note.png) | Примечание |
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Примеры создания пакета Debian из других более сложных систем сборки описаны в «Глава 13, Дополнительные примеры». |
Общая картина сборки простого неродного пакета Debian из tar-архива основной ветки разработки debhello-0.0.tar.gz может быть представлена следующим образом:
Команда debmake добавляет шаблонные файлы исключительно в каталог debian.
Команда debuild собирает двоичный пакет из подготовленного дерева исходного кода.
Общая картина сборки пакета.
$ tar -xzmf debhello-0.0.tar.gz $ cd debhello-0.0 $ debmake ... manual customization $ debuild ...
![[Подсказка]](images/tip.png) | Подсказка |
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The debuild command in this and following examples may be substituted by equivalent commands such as the sbuild command. |
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Если доступен tar-архив основной ветки разработки в формате .tar.xz, то используйте его вместо архивов в формате .tar.gz или .tar.bz2. Утилита xz предлагает более высокую степень сжатия, чем gzip и bzip2. |
| Примечание |
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Actual packaging activities are often performed manually without using debmake while referencing only existing similar packages and «Debian Policy Manual». |
The debmake command is the helper script for the Debian packaging. («Глава 14, Страница руководства debmake(1)»)
Эти возможности делают работу с пакетами Debian с помощью debmake простой и современной.
In retrospective, I created debmake to simplify this documentation. I consider debmake to be more-or-less a demonstration session generator for tutorial purpose.
The debmake command isn’t the only helper script to make a Debian package. If you are interested alternative packaging helper tools, please see:
Ниже приведён обзор команд, похожих на команду debuild.
dpkg-buildpackage — официальная команда для сборки двоичного пакета Debian. Для обычной двоичной сборки она, грубо говоря, выполняет следующую последовательность команд:
«debsign» (sign the *.dsc and *.changes files)
| Примечание |
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Подробную информацию см. в dpkg-buildpackage(1). |
Получим исходный код основной ветки разработки.
Скачаем файл debhello-0.0.tar.gz.
$ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-0.0.tar.gz ... $ tar -xzmf debhello-0.0.tar.gz $ tree . ├── debhello-0.0 │ ├── Makefile │ ├── README.md │ └── src │ └── hello.c └── debhello-0.0.tar.gz 3 directories, 4 files
В нём содержится исходный код на языке C, hello.c, довольно простой.
hello.c.
$ cat debhello-0.0/src/hello.c
#include <stdio.h>
int
main()
{
printf("Hello, world!\n");
return 0;
}
Итак, Makefile соответствует «Стандартам написания кода GNU» и «Стандарту иерархии файловой системы». А именно:
Makefile.
$ cat debhello-0.0/Makefile
prefix = /usr/local
all: src/hello
src/hello: src/hello.c
@echo "CFLAGS=$(CFLAGS)" | \
fold -s -w 70 | \
sed -e 's/^/# /'
$(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(LDCFLAGS) -o $@ $^
install: src/hello
install -D src/hello \
$(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello
clean:
-rm -f src/hello
distclean: clean
uninstall:
-rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello
.PHONY: all install clean distclean uninstall
| Примечание |
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В приведённом ниже примере применение команды echo к $(CFLAGS) используется для проверки настройки сборочных флагов. |
Вывод команды debmake довольно подробен, в нём объяснены выполняемые действия, например, как это указано ниже.
The output from the debmake command.
$ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0 $ debmake -x1 I: set parameters I: sanity check of parameters I: pkg="debhello", ver="0.0", rev="1" I: *** start packaging in "debhello-0.0". *** I: provide debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package I: pwd = "/path/to" I: $ ln -sf debhello-0.0.tar.gz debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-0.0" I: parse binary package settings: I: binary package=debhello Type=bin / Arch=any M-A=foreign I: analyze the source tree I: build_type = make I: scan source for copyright+license text and file extensions I: 50 %, ext = md I: 50 %, ext = c I: check_all_licenses I: ... I: check_all_licenses completed for 3 files. I: bunch_all_licenses I: format_all_licenses I: make debian/* template files I: debmake -x "1" ... I: creating => debian/control I: creating => debian/copyright I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra0_changel... I: creating => debian/changelog I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra0_rules.t... I: creating => debian/rules I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra0source_f... I: creating => debian/source/format I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_README.... I: creating => debian/README.Debian I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_README.... I: creating => debian/README.source I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_clean.t... I: creating => debian/clean I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_gbp.con... I: creating => debian/gbp.conf I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_salsa-c... I: creating => debian/salsa-ci.yml I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_watch.t... I: creating => debian/watch I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1tests_co... I: creating => debian/tests/control I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1upstream... I: creating => debian/upstream/metadata I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1patches_... I: creating => debian/patches/series I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1source.n... I: creating => debian/source/local-options.ex I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1source.n... I: creating => debian/source/local-patch-header.ex I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1single_d... I: creating => debian/dirs I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1single_i... I: creating => debian/install I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1single_l... I: creating => debian/links I: $ wrap-and-sort I: $ wrap-and-sort complete. Now, debian/* may have a blank line at the top....
Команда debmake создаёт все шаблонные файлы на основе опций командной строки. Поскольку никакие опции не были переданы, команда debmake выбирает для вас разумные значения по умолчанию:
| Примечание |
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Here, the debmake command is invoked with the -x1 option to keep this tutorial simple. Use of default -x3 option is highly recommended. |
Проверим созданные шаблонные файлы.
Дерево исходного кода после простого выполнения debmake.
$ cd /path/to $ tree . ├── debhello-0.0 │ ├── Makefile │ ├── README.md │ ├── debian │ │ ├── README.Debian │ │ ├── README.source │ │ ├── changelog │ │ ├── clean │ │ ├── control │ │ ├── copyright │ │ ├── dirs │ │ ├── gbp.conf │ │ ├── install │ │ ├── links │ │ ├── patches │ │ │ └── series │ │ ├── rules │ │ ├── salsa-ci.yml │ │ ├── source │ │ │ ├── format │ │ │ ├── local-options.ex │ │ │ └── local-patch-header.ex │ │ ├── tests │ │ │ └── control │ │ ├── upstream │ │ │ └── metadata │ │ └── watch │ └── src │ └── hello.c ├── debhello-0.0.tar.gz └── debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz -> debhello-0.0.tar.gz 8 directories, 24 files
Файл debian/rules является сборочным сценарием, предоставляемым сопровождающим пакета. Ниже приводится его шаблонный файл, созданный командой debmake.
debian/rules (шаблонный файл):
$ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
$ cat debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# You must remove unused comment lines for the released package.
#export DH_VERBOSE = 1
#export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
#export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wall -pedantic
#export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,-O1
%:
dh $@
#override_dh_auto_install:
# dh_auto_install -- prefix=/usr
#override_dh_install:
# dh_install --list-missing -X.pyc -X.pyo
По сути, это стандартный файл debian/rules с командой dh. (Для удобства настройки в нём содержится несколько закомментированных строк.)
Файл debian/control предоставляет основные метаданные пакета Debian. Ниже приведён шаблонный файл, созданный командой debmake.
debian/control (шаблонный файл):
$ cat debian/control Source: debhello Section: unknown Priority: optional Maintainer: "Osamu Aoki" <[email protected]> Build-Depends: debhelper-compat (= 13) Standards-Version: 4.6.2 Homepage: <insert the upstream URL, if relevant> Rules-Requires-Root: no #Vcs-Git: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debhello.git #Vcs-Browser: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debhello Package: debhello Architecture: any Multi-Arch: foreign Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${shlibs:Depends} Description: auto-generated package by debmake This Debian binary package was auto-generated by the debmake(1) command provided by the debmake package.
![[Предупреждение]](images/warning.png) | Предупреждение |
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If you leave «Section: unknown» in the template debian/control file unchanged, the lintian error may cause the build to fail. |
Since this is the ELF binary executable package, the debmake command sets «Architecture: any» and «Multi-Arch: foreign». Also, it sets required substvar parameters as «Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}». These are explained in «Глава 6, Basics for packaging».
| Примечание |
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Please note this debian/control file uses the RFC-822 style as documented in «5.2 Source package control files — debian/control» of the «Debian Policy Manual». The use of the empty line and the leading space are significant. |
Файл debian/copyright предоставляет данные об авторском праве на пакет Debian. Ниже приведён шаблонный файл, созданный командой debmake.
debian/copyright (шаблонный файл):
$ cat debian/copyright
Format: https://www.buy-develop.eu.org/doc/packaging-manuals/copyright-format/1.0/
Upstream-Name: debhello
Upstream-Contact: <preferred name and address to reach the upstream project>
Source: <url://example.com>
#
# Please double check copyright with the licensecheck(1) command.
Files: Makefile
README.md
src/hello.c
Copyright: __NO_COPYRIGHT_NOR_LICENSE__
License: __NO_COPYRIGHT_NOR_LICENSE__
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------...
# Files marked as NO_LICENSE_TEXT_FOUND may be covered by the following
# license/copyright files.
От сопровождающего требуется вручную внести некоторые изменения шаблонных файлов.
In order to install files as a part of the system files, the $(prefix) value of /usr/local in the Makefile should be overridden to be /usr. This can be accommodated by the following the debian/rules file with the override_dh_auto_install target setting «prefix=/usr».
debian/rules (версия сопровождающего):
$ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
$ vim debian/rules
... hack, hack, hack, ...
$ cat debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1
export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wall -pedantic
export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed
%:
dh $@
override_dh_auto_install:
dh_auto_install -- prefix=/usr
Экспортирование переменой окружения DH_VERBOSE в файле debian/rules, как это сделано выше, приводит к тому, что инструмент debhelper создаёт более подробный отчёт о сборке.
Exporting DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTION as above sets the hardening options as described in the «FEATURE AREAS/ENVIRONMENT» in dpkg-buildflags(1). [9]
Exporting DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND as above forces the C compiler to emit all the warnings.
Exporting DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND as above forces the linker to link only when the library is actually needed. [10]
The dh_auto_install command for the Makefile based build system essentially runs «$(MAKE) install DESTDIR=debian/debhello». The creation of this override_dh_auto_install target changes its behavior to «$(MAKE) install DESTDIR=debian/debhello prefix=/usr».
Here are the maintainer versions of the debian/control and debian/copyright files.
debian/control (версия сопровождающего):
$ vim debian/control ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ cat debian/control Source: debhello Section: devel Priority: optional Maintainer: Osamu Aoki <[email protected]> Build-Depends: debhelper-compat (= 13) Standards-Version: 4.6.2 Homepage: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debmake-doc Rules-Requires-Root: no Package: debhello Architecture: any Multi-Arch: foreign Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${shlibs:Depends} Description: Simple packaging example for debmake This Debian binary package is an example package. (This is an example only)
debian/copyright (версия сопровождающего):
$ vim debian/copyright ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ cat debian/copyright Format: https://www.buy-develop.eu.org/doc/packaging-manuals/copyright-format/1.0/ Upstream-Name: debhello Upstream-Contact: Osamu Aoki <[email protected]> Source: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debmake-doc Files: * Copyright: 2015-2021 Osamu Aoki <[email protected]> License: Expat Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: . The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. . THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Let’s remove unused template files and edit remaining template files:
Шаблонные файлы в debian/. (v=0.0):
$ rm -f debian/clean debian/dirs debian/install debian/links $ rm -f debian/README.source debian/source/*.ex $ rm -rf debian/patches $ tree -F debian debian/ ├── README.Debian ├── changelog ├── control ├── copyright ├── gbp.conf ├── rules* ├── salsa-ci.yml ├── source/ │ └── format ├── tests/ │ └── control ├── upstream/ │ └── metadata └── watch 4 directories, 11 files
| Подсказка |
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Configuration files used by the dh_* commands from the debhelper package usually treat # as the start of a comment line. |
В данном дереве исходного кода вы можете создать неродной пакет Debian с помощью команды debuild или эквивалентных ей команд (см. «Раздел 5.4, «Что такое debuild?»»). Вывод команды очень подробен, выполняемые действия объясняются в нём следующим образом.
Building package with debuild.
$ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0 $ debuild dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -ui -i dpkg-buildpackage: info: source package debhello dpkg-buildpackage: info: source version 0.0-1 dpkg-buildpackage: info: source distribution unstable dpkg-buildpackage: info: source changed by Osamu Aoki <[email protected]> dpkg-source -i --before-build . dpkg-buildpackage: info: host architecture amd64 debian/rules clean dh clean dh_auto_clean make -j12 distclean ... debian/rules binary dh binary dh_update_autotools_config dh_autoreconf dh_auto_configure dh_auto_build make -j12 "INSTALL=install --strip-program=true" make[1]: Entering directory '/path/to/debhello-0.0' # CFLAGS=-g -O2 ... Finished running lintian.
You can verify that CFLAGS is updated properly with -Wall and -pedantic by the DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND variable.
The manpage should be added to the package as reported by the lintian package, as shown in later examples (see «Глава 13, Дополнительные примеры»). Let’s move on for now.
Проверим результат сборки.
Файлы debhello версии 0.0, созданные с помощью команды debuild:
$ cd /path/to $ tree -FL 1 ./ ├── debhello-0.0/ ├── debhello-0.0.tar.gz ├── debhello-dbgsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb ├── debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz ├── debhello_0.0-1.dsc ├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.build ├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.buildinfo ├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.changes ├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb └── debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz -> debhello-0.0.tar.gz 2 directories, 9 files
Вы видите все созданные файлы.
debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz содержит изменения Debian, внесённые в исходный код основной ветки разработки. Содержимое этого файла приведено ниже.
Содержимое архива debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz:
$ tar -tzf debhello-0.0.tar.gz debhello-0.0/ debhello-0.0/src/ debhello-0.0/src/hello.c debhello-0.0/Makefile debhello-0.0/README.md $ tar --xz -tf debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz debian/ debian/README.Debian debian/changelog debian/control debian/copyright debian/gbp.conf debian/rules debian/salsa-ci.yml debian/source/ debian/source/format debian/tests/ debian/tests/control debian/upstream/ debian/upstream/metadata debian/watch
The debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb contains the binary files to be installed to the target system.
The debhello-debsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb contains the debug symbol files to be installed to the target system.
The binary package contents of all binary packages:
$ dpkg -c debhello-dbgsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/lib/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/lib/debug/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/lib/debug/.build-id/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/lib/debug/.build-id/be/ -rw-r--r-- root/root ... ./usr/lib/debug/.build-id/be/f1e0185834f3c3e2614cf8... drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/share/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/ lrwxrwxrwx root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/debhello-dbgsym -> debhello $ dpkg -c debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/bin/ -rwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/bin/hello drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/share/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/debhello/ -rw-r--r-- root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/debhello/README.Debian -rw-r--r-- root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/debhello/changelog.Debian.gz -rw-r--r-- root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/debhello/copyright
The generated dependency list of all binary packages.
The generated dependency list of all binary packages (v=0.0):
$ dpkg -f debhello-dbgsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends \
depends recommends conflicts breaks
Depends: debhello (= 0.0-1)
$ dpkg -f debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends \
depends recommends conflicts breaks
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.34)
![[Внимание]](images/caution.png) | Внимание |
|---|---|
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Many more details need to be addressed before uploading the package to the Debian archive. |
| Примечание |
|---|---|
|
Если вы пропустили ручную настройку автоматически созданных командой debmake файлов настройки, то у созданного двоичного пакета может отсутствовать понятное другим описание пакета, а также пакет может несоответствовать некоторым требованиям политики. Такой сырой пакет вполне хорошо работает, если передать его команде dpkg, и может оказаться вполне достаточным для его локального развёртывания. |
The above example did not touch the upstream source to make the proper Debian package. An alternative approach as the maintainer is to modify files in the upstream source. For example, Makefile may be modified to set the $(prefix) value to /usr.
| Примечание |
|---|---|
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The above «Раздел 5.7, «Шаг 3: изменение шаблонных файлов»» using the debian/rules file is the better approach for packaging for this example. But let’s continue on with this alternative approaches as a leaning experience. |
In the following, let’s consider 3 simple variants of this alternative approach to generate debian/patches/* files representing modifications to the upstream source in the Debian source format «3.0 (quilt)». These substitute «Раздел 5.7, «Шаг 3: изменение шаблонных файлов»» in the above step-by-step example:
Please note the debian/rules file used for these examples doesn’t have the override_dh_auto_install target as follows:
debian/rules (альтернативная версия сопровождающего):
$ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0
$ vim debian/rules
... hack, hack, hack, ...
$ cat debian/rules
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE = 1
export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all
export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wall -pedantic
export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed
%:
dh $@
Here, the patch file 000-prefix-usr.patch is created using the diff command.
Patch by «diff -u».
$ cp -a debhello-0.0 debhello-0.0.orig $ vim debhello-0.0/Makefile ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ diff -Nru debhello-0.0.orig debhello-0.0 >000-prefix-usr.patch $ cat 000-prefix-usr.patch diff -Nru debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile debhello-0.0/Makefile --- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile 2024-07-24 10:12:40.382927188 +0900 +++ debhello-0.0/Makefile 2024-07-24 10:12:40.478928659 +0900 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -prefix = /usr/local +prefix = /usr all: src/hello $ rm -rf debhello-0.0 $ mv -f debhello-0.0.orig debhello-0.0
Please note that the upstream source tree is restored to the original state after generating a patch file 000-prefix-usr.patch.
This 000-prefix-usr.patch is edited to be DEP-3 conforming and moved to the right location as below.
000-prefix-usr.patch (DEP-3):
$ echo '000-prefix-usr.patch' >debian/patches/series $ vim ../000-prefix-usr.patch ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ mv -f ../000-prefix-usr.patch debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch $ cat debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch From: Osamu Aoki <[email protected]> Description: set prefix=/usr patch diff -Nru debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile debhello-0.0/Makefile --- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile +++ debhello-0.0/Makefile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -prefix = /usr/local +prefix = /usr all: src/hello
| Примечание |
|---|---|
|
When generating the Debian source package by dpkg-source via dpkg-buildpackage in the following step of «Раздел 5.8, «Step 4: Building package with debuild»», the dpkg-source command assumes that no patch was applied to the upstream source, since the .pc/applied-patches is missing. |
Here, the patch file 000-prefix-usr.patch is created using the dquilt command.
dquilt is a simple wrapper of the quilt program. The syntax and function of the dquilt command is the same as the quilt(1) command, except for the fact that the generated patch is stored in the debian/patches/ directory.
Patch by dquilt.
$ dquilt new 000-prefix-usr.patch
Patch debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch is now on top
$ dquilt add Makefile
File Makefile added to patch debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch
... hack, hack, hack, ...
$ head -1 Makefile
prefix = /usr
$ dquilt refresh
Refreshed patch debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch
$ dquilt header -e --dep3
... edit the DEP-3 patch header with editor
$ tree -a
.
├── debian
│ ├── changelog
│ ├── clean
│ ├── control
│ ├── copyright
│ ├── dirs
│ ├── gbp.conf
│ ├── install
│ ├── links
│ ├── patches
│ │ ├── 000-prefix-usr.patch
│ │ └── series
│ ├── README.Debian
│ ├── README.source
│ ├── rules
│ ├── salsa-ci.yml
│ ├── source
│ │ ├── format
│ │ ├── local-options.ex
│ │ └── local-patch-header.ex
│ ├── tests
│ │ └── control
│ ├── upstream
│ │ └── metadata
│ └── watch
├── Makefile
├── .pc
│ ├── 000-prefix-usr.patch
│ │ ├── Makefile
│ │ └── .timestamp
│ ├── applied-patches
│ ├── .quilt_patches
│ ├── .quilt_series
│ └── .version
├── README.md
└── src
└── hello.c
9 directories, 29 files
$ cat debian/patches/series
000-prefix-usr.patch
$ cat debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch
Description: set prefix=/usr patch
Author: Osamu Aoki <[email protected]>
Index: debhello-0.0/Makefile
===================================================================
--- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile
+++ debhello-0.0/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-prefix = /usr/local
+prefix = /usr
all: src/hello
Here, Makefile in the upstream source tree doesn’t need to be restored to the original state for the packaging.
| Примечание |
|---|---|
|
When generating the Debian source package by dpkg-source via dpkg-buildpackage in the following step of «Раздел 5.8, «Step 4: Building package with debuild»», the dpkg-source command assumes that patches were applied to the upstream source, since the .pc/applied-patches exists. |
The upstream source tree can be restored to the original state for the packaging.
The upstream source tree (restored):
$ dquilt pop -a Removing patch debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch Restoring Makefile No patches applied $ head -1 Makefile prefix = /usr/local $ tree -a .pc .pc ├── .quilt_patches ├── .quilt_series └── .version 1 directory, 3 files
Here, Makefile is restored and the .pc/applied-patches is missing.
Here, the patch file isn’t created in this step but the source files are setup to create debian/patches/* files in the following step of «Раздел 5.8, «Step 4: Building package with debuild»».
Отредактируем исходный код основной ветки разработки.
Modified Makefile.
$ vim Makefile ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ head -n1 Makefile prefix = /usr
Let’s edit debian/source/local-options:
debian/source/local-options for auto-commit.
$ mv debian/source/local-options.ex debian/source/local-options $ vim debian/source/local-options ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ cat debian/source/local-options # == Patch applied strategy (merge) == # # The source outside of debian/ directory is modified by maintainer and # different from the upstream one: # * Workflow using dpkg-source commit (commit all to VCS after dpkg-source ... # https://www.buy-develop.eu.org/doc/manuals/debmake-doc/ch04.en.html#dpkg-sour... # * Workflow described in dgit-maint-merge(7) # single-debian-patch auto-commit
Let’s edit debian/source/local-patch-header:
debian/source/local-patch-header for auto-commit.
$ mv debian/source/local-patch-header.ex debian/source/local-patch-header $ vim debian/source/local-patch-header ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ cat debian/source/local-patch-header Description: debian-changes Author: Osamu Aoki <[email protected]>
Let’s remove debian/patches/* files and other unused template files.
Remove unused template files.
$ rm -f debian/clean debian/dirs debian/install debian/links $ rm -f debian/README.source debian/source/*.ex $ rm -rf debian/patches $ tree debian debian ├── README.Debian ├── changelog ├── control ├── copyright ├── gbp.conf ├── rules ├── salsa-ci.yml ├── source │ ├── format │ ├── local-options │ └── local-patch-header ├── tests │ └── control ├── upstream │ └── metadata └── watch 4 directories, 13 files
There are no debian/patches/* files at the end of this step.
| Примечание |
|---|---|
|
When generating the Debian source package by dpkg-source via dpkg-buildpackage in the following step of «Раздел 5.8, «Step 4: Building package with debuild»», the dpkg-source command uses options specified in debian/source/local-options to auto-commit modification applied to the upstream source as patches/debian-changes. |
Let’s inspect the Debian source package generated after the following «Раздел 5.8, «Step 4: Building package with debuild»» step and extracting files from debhello-0.0.debian.tar.xz.
Inspect debhello-0.0.debian.tar.xz after debuild.
$ tar --xz -xvf debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz debian/ debian/README.Debian debian/changelog debian/control debian/copyright debian/gbp.conf debian/patches/ debian/patches/debian-changes debian/patches/series debian/rules debian/salsa-ci.yml debian/source/ debian/source/format debian/tests/ debian/tests/control debian/upstream/ debian/upstream/metadata debian/watch
Let’s check generated debian/patches/* files.
Inspect debian/patches/* after debuild.
$ cat debian/patches/series debian-changes $ cat debian/patches/debian-changes Description: debian-changes Author: Osamu Aoki <[email protected]> --- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile +++ debhello-0.0/Makefile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -prefix = /usr/local +prefix = /usr all: src/hello
The Debian source package debhello-0.0.debian.tar.xz is confirmed to be generated properly with debian/patches/* files for the Debian modification.
[9] This is a cliché to force a read-only relocation link for the hardening and to prevent the lintian warning «W: debhello: hardening-no-relro usr/bin/hello». This is not really needed for this example but should be harmless. The lintian tool seems to produce a false positive warning for this case which has no linked library.
[10] This is a cliché to prevent overlinking for the complex library dependency case such as Gnome programs. This is not really needed for this simple example but should be harmless.
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| Глава 4. Настройка инструментов |
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Глава 6. Basics for packaging |